Mechanical engineering

Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines, but classical physics is the basis of engineering mechanics, thermodynamics and materials science, and thus the basis for other aspects (design, simulation, modeling material).

Responsibilities

Responsibilities of mechanical engineering are materials science / materials science, thermal flow machinery, engineering thermodynamics, engineering mechanics, fluid mechanics / fluid mechanics, production engineering, micro-structure technology, measuring and control engineering, nuclear engineering, engineering design and other directions.

Materials Science

The Materials Science is one of materials science and engineering is a field of science that attempts by the methods of materials science, applied research to establish links between the structure and properties of materials. Based on this set by specific structural changes desired property profiles.

Thermodynamics

Typical thermodynamic process using the example of the basic function of a steam engine (red = high temperature, low temperature = yellow, blue = final temperature of the vapor)

The thermodynamics, also known as thermodynamics is a branch of classical physics. It originated in the 19th Century on the basis of the work of James Prescott Joule, Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, Julius Robert von Mayer and Hermann von Helmholtz. It is the teaching of energy, their appearance and ability to do work. It proves to be versatile in chemistry, biology and technology. With their help, can you explain for example why certain chemical reactions proceed spontaneously and others do not. Technical Thermodynamics is a purely macroscopic theory, which assumes that the physical properties of a system can describe reasonably well with macroscopic quantities. It is an effective theory because it neglects the motion of individual atoms and molecules and considering only average quantities such as pressure and temperature.

Engineering Mechanics

Cremonaplan is an example for the graphical solution to a problem in engineering mechanics

The engineering mechanics is a branch of engineering. Their scientific basis is the classical mechanics, which in turn is a branch of physics. The tasks of the engineering mechanics is to provide the theoretical calculation methods such as for materials science, mechanical engineering and structural engineering. The actual design, selection of materials and the like is then carried out by these application-oriented disciplines, where the technical mechanism is an auxiliary science.

Fluid Mechanics / Fluid Mechanics

The fluid dynamics or fluid mechanics is the physics of fluids. This term refers to media which is under the influence of shear stresses deform without limit (liquids and gases). The designations of fluid mechanics and fluid dynamics are used instead of “fluid mechanics”.

Engineering Design

Mechanical engineering is dominated by engineers, technicians and skilled workers. This work, depending on company size and focus of the operation of idea, design, calculation, design, construction, research and development, production and sales of all kinds of machines and their components. On the basis of individual machine elements that products or systems of great complexity, such as production lines and entire factories are being developed, built and operated.

For example, the design theory deals with the goals and methods must be aware of certain Maschinenbau-Ingenieur/-Techniker in the design of technical systems. Meanwhile, the technical equipment can be designed by using CAD computer programs. The generated CAD files can then be a simulation (which includes among others, the finite element method) subject to and manufactured by a CNC machine. Due to the increasing automation of power systems are now equipped with a complex measurement and control and regulation technology, which are also designed by mechanical engineers.

Subjects of mechanical engineering

A comprehensive list of topics in mechanical engineering is found in the Portal: List of Topics. At universities (also at technical universities) and colleges, the engineering study of a classical education of the three ways (in addition to electrical engineering and civil engineering) for future qualified engineers. On successful completion of their studies, the academic degree Dipl.-Ing. (Or Dipl.-Ing. (FH)) is awarded. As part of a unification of the structure of higher education in Europe to a degree system is introduced (Bologna Process). This process should be completed by 2010. Then the freshmen Bachelor of Science and Master of Science or Bachelor of Engineering and Master of Engineering are offered.

In mechanical engineering, have now an independent computer science courses such as engineering, production and logistics, product engineering, process engineering, process engineering, power engineering, automotive engineering, aviation and space technology, mechatronics, including established.
School, technical school [change]

In addition to the engineering education in universities and colleges in the German-speaking non-university education as a mechanical engineer from traditionally important. In Germany, ahead of the 4-semester professional education, subject-specific training and more years of professional experience and concludes with the examination as a certified technician. In Switzerland, one must be certified after six semesters and passing the final examination. Technician TS / HF call. In Austria there is in addition to the training at universities and colleges to complete the opportunity to study engineering at a technical college.

Dual vocational training

In Germany, the machine a variety of industrial and technical professional education within the dual system. Typical apprenticeships are technical draftsman, construction mechanic, machinist, industrial mechanic or mechatronics.

National machinery for the industry

• Europe – The machine has received in Europe through the formation of the EU a strong relief. So far, each machine had to meet the national standards of the country of the operator. Through the implementation of the Machinery Directive, the same machine can be exported to all EU Member States.

• Germany

Mechanical engineering is one of the leading industries in Germany. This goes back to Johann von Zimmermann (1820 – 1901), in Chemnitz in 1848 the first factory in Germany and the solid continent started to build machine tools. This was the cradle of German engineering Chemnitz and by the end of World War II for the main engineering base in Germany. Here were other world-known enterprises of mechanical engineering, such as the engineering works Richard Hartmann, the machine tool factory Glauchau, the Wanderer-Werke and the company Union machine tools .

With about 900,000 employees in Germany and approximately 300,000 employees in foreign countries, a turnover totaled around 130 billion € (including 60% export). He is with its approximately 6,600 companies, of which 95% have fewer than 500 employees, medium-sized / shaped entrepreneurial. The per capita sales in mechanical engineering is about 148,000 €.

According to the Federal Statistical Office are from 2003 (index 100) to 2006 recorded “very strong growth momentum,” said rush ahead (so the hope of the Federal Statistical Office), orders (index 117) of the Employment (Index 112). By the current economic crisis will hit hard in the mechanical engineering.

About 3,000 companies in the capital goods industry is organized in the industry association VDMA.